PIPE TERMINOLOGY
ANNEALING
Heating and Cooling a metal to reduce hardness and remove stress
API
American Petroleum Institute
ASM
American Society for Material International
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM
America Society for Testing and Materials
AUSTENITE
Steel with a metallic non-magnetic solid solution of i carbon, nickel,iron and chromium with a face centered cubic structure that allows it to hold a higher proportion of carbon
AUSTENITIC
Pertaining to Austenite
BEND TEST
A test to determine the relative soundness and ductility of metals to be formed
The pieces are bent over a specified diameter through a specified angle.
BEVEL
A beveled edge refers to an edge of a structure that is not perpendicular (but instead at an angle) to the faces of the piece
BRINELL
A system for testing hardness using a standard shaped point of particular weight
BURST PRESSURE
The internal pressure that will cause a piece of tubing to fail by exceeding the limit and tensile strength of the material from which the tube is fabricated
COLD SINK (Cold Sinking)
Pulling a tube through a carbide die to reduce the diameter of the tube. The sinking of the tube is done at room temperature i.e. as opposed to high temperatures
COUPLING
A short length used to connect two lengths of pipe
CONCENTRICITY
A description of tubing where the center of its inside diameter is consistent with the center of its outside diameter resulting in no variation of wall thickness
DEBURRING
Removing small "burrs" of metal formed during a machining or cutting operations
DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
As opposed to NDT "non destructive testing " DT's are mechanical tests performed on an expendable sample to check physical properties. These tests include: tensile, yield, elongation, hardness, flare, flattening, bend and burst.
ECCENTRICITY
As opposed to Concentric . Opposite of concentricity hence resulting in variations of wall thickness
FERRITE NUMBER
A calculated value indicating the relative ability of a particular chemical composition of steel to form ferrite upon solidification from the molten state
FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL
A magnetic grade of stainless steel having a microstructure consisting of ferrite
HARDNESS
See Brinell
HARD FACING
Abrasion-resistant metal applied by welding onto the surface of softer material to increase it's wear properties
HEAT NUMBER
An identification number that is stamped on a material plate after it is removed from the ladle and rolled at a steel mill
HUEY TEST
A type of corrosion test
HYDROSTATIC TEST
A test procedure that checks for holes, cracks or porosity. Tubing is pressurized internally with water to a high pressure
ID
Internal Diameter /Inside Diameter of Pipe or Tube
MOMENT OF INERTIA
A physical property of a member which helps define strength and deflection characteristics
NOMINAL
The pipe size or wall thickness as specified approximating ID
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT)
Testing to detect defects in materials using techniques that do not damage or destroy the items being tested. An example is ultrasonic NDT
OD
Outer Diameter /Outside Diameter of pipe. Normally expressed in mm or inches
ORBITAL WELD /WELDING
A circumferential, full fusion butt or girth weld used to join together two lengths of tubing.
OVALITY
A quantitative measurement of how ‘round’ a tube is by comparing width to height
OXIDATION
An electro-chemical reaction in which oxygen attacks a metal surface to form a metallic oxide, such as rust or the protective layer on stainless steel
PIPE DIAMETER
The inside diameter of a pipe
(in respect to the area of flow measurement, the internal pipe diameter plays
an important role in meters that measure by an inferential method as opposed
to a direct mechanical displacement method)
See Pipe Flow Calculator
PIPE FLOW CALCULATION
A calculation used to determine the rate of flow of a fluid in a pipe
PIPE PROPERTIES
Pipe tables for pipe properties. See pipe properties calculation
http://www.flowmeterdirectory.com/pipe_properties_calculator.html
PSI
Common engineering abbreviation used by engineers for pounds per square inch and is very commonly used in America where in Europe and many other places, the trend has been a move to metric and SI units.
PUMP MANUFACTURERS
A website dedicated to pumps and more pumps
RADIUS OF GYRATION
Measurement of the distribution of the mass in an object from the geometric center
ROCKWELL
Relative resistance of a metal to indentation by a diamond cone and relating to the metal hardness
SCHEDULE, PIPE
A means of indicating the wall thickness of pipe sizes
SEAMLESS
Pipe with no weld in the circumference
SECTION MODULUS
A physical property of a structural member. It is used to design and basically describes the bending strength of a member
TENSILE STRENGTH
The maximum load per unit area that a material is capable of withstanding before it fails (pulls apart)
ULTRASONIC TESTING
See Non Destructive Testing
WATER PIPE
A pipe used to transport water under pressure from one place to another
Common water pipe materials are PVC , ductile iron, PE and copper
YIELD STRENGTH
The load per unit area that a material can withstand before permanent deformation |
